A Growing Environmental Concern
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of human-made chemicals that have been widely used for their water- and stain-repellent properties. Often referred to as “forever chemicals” because of their persistence in the environment and human body, PFAS have raised significant public health and environmental concerns across the United States — including in Oklahoma.
What Are PFAS and Why Are They a Problem?
PFAS are a large group of synthetic chemicals used in a variety of industrial and consumer products, including firefighting foam (AFFF), non-stick cookware, water-repellent clothing, and food packaging. These chemicals are highly resistant to degradation, which means they accumulate in the environment, groundwater, and living organisms, leading to long-term exposure risks.
The primary concern with PFAS is their potential impact on human health. Studies have linked PFAS exposure to a variety of health issues, including liver damage, developmental delays in children, immune system disruption, and an increased risk of certain cancers. Due to their persistence, once PFAS enter the water supply, they can be very difficult to remove.
Known Sites Contaminated with PFAS in Oklahoma
While PFAS contamination is widespread across the United States, Oklahoma has its own history of contamination, particularly in areas linked to military or industrial activities. Several sites in Oklahoma have been identified as contaminated with PFAS, with concentrations often exceeding health advisory limits set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
One of the most significant sources of PFAS contamination in Oklahoma is associated with former and active military bases. For instance, Tinker Air Force Base near Oklahoma City has reported PFAS contamination in its groundwater, linked to the use of AFFF in firefighting training exercises and operations. Other areas, including the Altus Air Force Base, have also been flagged for PFAS presence.
In addition to military sites, some industrial facilities and landfills have been found to have PFAS contamination. The chemical’s persistence means it can migrate into the surrounding soil and water, affecting nearby communities and wildlife.
PFAS Detected in Drinking Water
PFAS detection in drinking water is another pressing concern in Oklahoma. While specific concentrations vary by location, tests have found PFAS in public water systems in multiple regions of the state. Some of these detections exceed the health advisory levels set by the EPA.
Cities and towns near military bases, industrial sites, or large landfills are particularly vulnerable to PFAS contamination. For example, drinking water in communities like Norman and Midwest City has been tested for PFAS, with some results showing detectable levels of these chemicals. In response to these findings, local authorities are taking steps to improve water testing, increase public awareness, and explore filtration methods to remove PFAS from drinking water.
However, challenges remain in addressing contamination at the state level. The state’s efforts to manage PFAS contamination have largely been reactive rather than proactive. More comprehensive testing and regulation are needed to ensure public health is protected, especially in rural and underserved areas where PFAS may go undetected for years. The new EPA regulations will assist in combatting the problem.
Sources of PFAS in Oklahoma
The primary sources of PFAS in Oklahoma are tied to industrial processes, military activities, and the use of consumer products. Key sources include:
- Firefighting Foam (AFFF): AFFF is one of the most significant contributors to PFAS contamination. Oklahoma’s military bases, such as Tinker Air Force Base and Altus Air Force Base, have used these foams extensively in firefighting training exercises. The foam, which contains high concentrations of PFAS, has contaminated soil and groundwater at these sites.
- Industrial Sites: Some industrial facilities in Oklahoma have used PFAS in the manufacturing of various products, such as textiles, waterproofing agents, and coatings. These sites can be a source of PFAS contamination, especially if waste products or wastewater containing these chemicals are not properly disposed of.
- Wastewater Treatment Facilities: In some cases, wastewater treatment plants have been found to discharge PFAS into rivers or lakes, further spreading contamination. Given the persistence of these chemicals, wastewater treatment systems are not always equipped to remove PFAS effectively.
- Landfills: PFAS can also be found in landfills, particularly in areas where large amounts of industrial waste have been dumped. These chemicals leach into the soil and can contaminate nearby water sources.
Efforts to Address PFAS in Oklahoma
Oklahoma has made some strides in addressing the growing concern of PFAS contamination, though much more work is needed. One of the most prominent efforts in the state is the AFFF buyback program, which aims to reduce the use of PFAS-containing firefighting foam.
Statewide Action
On a broader scale, the Oklahoma DEQ has begun to work more closely with local water systems to monitor PFAS levels in drinking water. However, significant gaps remain in terms of comprehensive statewide regulations and testing for PFAS in public water supplies. As more research emerges about the health risks associated with PFAS, the state may need to adopt stricter regulations to address these chemicals and ensure safe drinking water for all Oklahomans.
PFAS contamination is an emerging environmental issue in Oklahoma, with significant public health implications. The state faces challenges in dealing with the legacy of PFAS use, particularly in areas near military bases and industrial sites. While efforts like the AFFF buyback program show promise in reducing future contamination, much work remains to be done. Enhanced monitoring, stricter regulations, and continued collaboration with federal and local authorities will be essential in mitigating the impact of PFAS and safeguarding Oklahoma’s water, air, and soil for future generations.
As the state navigates this complex issue, greater awareness and action from both residents and policymakers will be key to addressing the challenges posed by PFAS and ensuring a healthier, cleaner environment for all Oklahomans.
